辐射式高温计

辐射式高温计工作原理

（图一）

    辐射高温计分为安装式和手持式，如图一所示，安装式是把辐射计安装在炉体透射孔上，通过专用电缆连接至控制柜温度测量仪表输人端。而手持式由操作人员手持辐射计，对准透射孔，直接测量炉子温度。辐射高温计是基于被测物体的辐射热效应进行工作的。在整个波长范围内，依据辐射能量与温度的关系，并用辐射系数修正后，来确定物体的实际温度。全辐射式高温计测量原理如图二所示，被测物体发出的辐射能量通过物镜1和补偿光栅2聚焦投射到热电堆3上，把温度信号转化为电信号，输人到测温仪表转化为温度显示出来。热电堆是由多支微型热电偶串联而成的，以得到较大的热电势。热电偶的参考端补偿采用双金属片控制的补偿光栅，改变补偿光栅的孔径大小，就可以增加或减小射人的辐射能量，达到消除外部环境温度的变化引起的测量误差。

（图二）

    辐射高温计与光学高温计一样是按绝对黑体进行温度分度的，因此用它测量非绝对黑体的物体温度时，仪表上的温度指示值将不是该物体的真实温度，称该温度为此被测物体的辐射温度。由于全辐射的辐射率总小于1，物体的辐射温度低于实际温度。在准确知道物体的辐射率ε后，依据测到的辐射温度Tp，利用下式便可计算出物体的实际温度T。

    智能式数字仪表已不需要人工计算实际温度，只需把材料的全辐射率ε或材料的代码输人仪表，显示出来的就是物体的实际温度。

    辐射式高温计测量精度受环境的影响较大，比如周围环境的辐射、测试距离、介质吸收、发射及透过率等的变化都会严重影响精度，同时辐射率也很难预知，但因接收辐射能址大，测量灵敏度较高，而且结构简单，操作方便，测温范围宽，易自动测量，故在电阻炉温度测控中有着广泛的应用。

辐射式高温计使用注意事项

    使用辐射高温计应注意以下问题:

    (1)在通过炉体上的透射孔测量温度时，要清楚对准测量的是工件温度、电热元件温度还是其他炉内部件的温度，因为材料不同，全辐射率也不同，测量的实际温度也有较大的差异。

    (2)如果被测物体接近于黑体性质，辐射温度就近似等于实际温度，可不进行修正。

    (3)辐射传感器与被测物体之间不能存在灰尘、烟雾、水蒸气等介质，以免影响测量精度。

    (4)物体的全辐射率ε受物体性质、表面状态、温度和辐射条件的影响，为得到较为精确的测量温度，应尽量准确地知道物体的全辐射率Fip

    (5)使用环境温度不要太高，避免热电偶参考端温度过高而引起测量误差。

    (6)由于辐射感温器中热电堆具有一定的热惰性，一般要求稳定4~12s，所以在测温时观察时间应超过10s后再读数。

    (7)连接电缆从辐射传感器中引出，导线应放在金属软管中，保持有良好的电气屏蔽和可靠的机械保护。

    (8)从目镜中所看到的被测对象的影像必须将热电堆完全盖上，以保证热电堆充分接受被测对象辐射的能址。注意影像不能太大，否则热电堆附近零件受热，热电偶参考端温度升高，可能造成测量温度偏低。

    (9)在安装后要定期清洗镜头灰尘，留意周围环境有无机械振动，探头有无偏离，以保证正确反映电阻炉温度。

    (10)在使用某辐射高温计前，一定要详细阅读使用说明书。

  辐射式高温计工作原理

Radiation pyrometer principle

（图一）

(Chart)

    辐射高温计分为安装式和手持式，如图一所示，安装式是把辐射计安装在炉体透射孔上，通过专用电缆连接至控制柜温度测量仪表输人端。而手持式由操作人员手持辐射计，对准透射孔，直接测量炉子温度。辐射高温计是基于被测物体的辐射热效应进行工作的。在整个波长范围内，依据辐射能量与温度的关系，并用辐射系数修正后，来确定物体的实际温度。全辐射式高温计测量原理如图二所示，被测物体发出的辐射能量通过物镜1和补偿光栅2聚焦投射到热电堆3上，把温度信号转化为电信号，输人到测温仪表转化为温度显示出来。热电堆是由多支微型热电偶串联而成的，以得到较大的热电势。热电偶的参考端补偿采用双金属片控制的补偿光栅，改变补偿光栅的孔径大小，就可以增加或减小射人的辐射能量，达到消除外部环境温度的变化引起的测量误差。

Radiation high score for installation and portable, as shown in Figure 1, mounted the radiometer is arranged in the furnace body transmission hole, via a dedicated cable is connected to the control cabinet temperature measuring instrument inputs.While handheld operator handheld radiometer, alignment through perforation, direct measurement of the temperature.Radiation pyrometer is based on the measured object radiation effect to work.In the wavelength range, based on the radiation energy relationship with temperature, and radiation coefficient correction, to determine the object's actual temperature.Total radiation pyrometer measurement principle as shown in Figure two, the measured object the radiant energy emitted by an objective lens 1 and a compensating grating 2 focus projection to a thermopile 3, the temperature signal into electric signal, input to the thermometer into temperature display.Thermopile is composed of a plurality of miniature thermocouple which are connected in series, in order to get a larger thermoelectric potential.Thermocouple reference junction compensation adopts a bimetallic strip control compensation grating, grating to compensate the change of pore size, can increase or decrease the emission of radiant energy, to eliminate the external environment temperature changes caused by measurement error.

（图二）

(Fig two)

    辐射高温计与光学高温计一样是按绝对黑体进行温度分度的，因此用它测量非绝对黑体的物体温度时，仪表上的温度指示值将不是该物体的真实温度，称该温度为此被测物体的辐射温度。由于全辐射的辐射率总小于1，物体的辐射温度低于实际温度。在准确知道物体的辐射率ε后，依据测到的辐射温度Tp，利用下式便可计算出物体的实际温度T。

Radiation pyrometer with optical pyrometer blackbody temperature as by indexing, so that the measurement of absolute blackbody temperature of objects, the instrument's temperature indication value will not be the object of the true temperature, called the temperature to be measured the object the radiation temperature.As a result of the radiation rate is less than 1, the object radiation temperature is lower than the actual temperature.In the know exactly the object emissivity ε, based on the detected radiation temperature Tp, the type can be calculated from the object's actual temperature T.

    智能式数字仪表已不需要人工计算实际温度，只需把材料的全辐射率ε或材料的代码输人仪表，显示出来的就是物体的实际温度。

Intelligent type digital instrument has does not need the artificial calculation actual temperature, just the material total radiation ratio ε or material code input instrument, displayed objects is the actual temperature.

    辐射式高温计测量精度受环境的影响较大，比如周围环境的辐射、测试距离、介质吸收、发射及透过率等的变化都会严重影响精度，同时辐射率也很难预知，但因接收辐射能址大，测量灵敏度较高，而且结构简单，操作方便，测温范围宽，易自动测量，故在电阻炉温度测控中有着广泛的应用。

Radiation pyrometer measurement accuracy is affected by the environment greatly, such as ambient radiation, measuring distance, absorption, emission and transmittance changes will seriously affect the accuracy, while the radiation rate is also very difficult to predict, but due to receiving radiation can access, measurement sensitivity is high, and has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, temperature measurement range, easy automatic measurement, the resistance furnace temperature control in a wide range of applications.

辐射式高温计使用注意事项

Radiation pyrometer use matters needing attention

    使用辐射高温计应注意以下问题:

The use of radiation pyrometer should pay attention to the following questions:

    (1)在通过炉体上的透射孔测量温度时，要清楚对准测量的是工件温度、电热元件温度还是其他炉内部件的温度，因为材料不同，全辐射率也不同，测量的实际温度也有较大的差异。

(1) in the transmission hole through the furnace body temperature measurement, to clear alignment is the measurement of the workpiece temperature, heating element temperature or other furnace component temperature, because of different materials, the radiation rate is also different, to measure the actual temperature also has bigger difference.

    (2)如果被测物体接近于黑体性质，辐射温度就近似等于实际温度，可不进行修正。

(2) if the measured object close to the blackbody radiation properties, temperature is approximately equal to the actual temperature, can not revise.

    (3)辐射传感器与被测物体之间不能存在灰尘、烟雾、水蒸气等介质，以免影响测量精度。

(3) the radiation sensor and the object to be measured can not exist between the dust, smoke, water vapor and other media, so as not to affect the accuracy of measurement.

    (4)物体的全辐射率ε受物体性质、表面状态、温度和辐射条件的影响，为得到较为精确的测量温度，应尽量准确地知道物体的全辐射率Fip

(4) the total emissivity ε object by object properties, surface condition, temperature and radiation conditions, in order to get more accurate measurement of temperature, should try to know exactly the object radiation rate Fip

    (5)使用环境温度不要太高，避免热电偶参考端温度过高而引起测量误差。

(5) the use of environmental temperature not too high, avoid the thermocouple reference junction temperature is too high and cause measurement error.

    (6)由于辐射感温器中热电堆具有一定的热惰性，一般要求稳定4~12s，所以在测温时观察时间应超过10s后再读数。

(6) due to the radiation temperature of a thermopile having a certain thermal inertia, general requirements and stable 4~12s, so the temperature is observed when time should be more than 10s after reading.

    (7)连接电缆从辐射传感器中引出，导线应放在金属软管中，保持有良好的电气屏蔽和可靠的机械保护。

(7) connected the cable from the radiation sensor leads, wire should be placed in a metal hose, to maintain a good electrical shielding and reliable mechanical protection.

    (8)从目镜中所看到的被测对象的影像必须将热电堆完全盖上，以保证热电堆充分接受被测对象辐射的能址。注意影像不能太大，否则热电堆附近零件受热，热电偶参考端温度升高，可能造成测量温度偏低。

(8) from the eyepiece as seen by the object image must be a thermopile completely cover, to ensure that the thermopile fully accept the measured object radiation can access.Pay attention to image can not be too large, otherwise the thermopile near heating parts, thermocouple reference junction temperature, may cause low temperature measurement.

    (9)在安装后要定期清洗镜头灰尘，留意周围环境有无机械振动，探头有无偏离，以保证正确反映电阻炉温度。

(9) after the installation to regularly cleaning the lens dust, pay attention to surrounding environment has no mechanical vibration, probe has no deviation, in order to ensure correctly reflect the resistance furnace temperature.

    (10)在使用某辐射高温计前，一定要详细阅读使用说明书。

(10) in the use of a radiation pyrometer, must read the instructions for use.